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Idiopathic: cause of a condition is unknown.
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Iliotibial band friction syndrome: runner’s knee.
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Incomplete protein: protein food that does not possess the proper amount of essential amino acids; characteristic of plant foods in general.
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Indicator nutrients: These eight nutrients, if provided in adequate supply through a varied diet, should provide adequate amounts of the other essential nutrients. The eight are: protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, calcium, and iron.
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Indoles: phytochemicals believed to help prevent various diseases.
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Infrared interactance: use of infrared technology to estimate body composition.
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Insoluable fiber: dietary fiber that is not soluble in water, such as cellulose.
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Insulin: a hormone secreted by the pancreas involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
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Insulin response: blood insulin levels rise following the ingestion of sugar and the resultant hyperglycemia; the insulin causes the sugar to be taken up by the muscles and fat cells, possibly creating a reactive hypoglycemia.
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Intermittent high-intensity exercise: short-term bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with short period of recovery.
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Interval training: a method of physical training in which periods of activity are interspersed with periods of active recovery.
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Intestinal absorption: the rate at which substances, particularly fluids and carbohydrate, are absorbed into the body; a fast rate of intestinal absorption is a desirable characteristic of sports drinks.
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Iron: a metallic element essential for the development of several chemical compounds in the body, notably hemoglobin.
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Iron-deficiency anemia: anemia caused by an inadequate intake or absorption of iron, resulting in impaired hemoglobin formation.
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Isoflavones: phytochemicals believed to help prevent various diseases.
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Isoleucine: an essential amino acid.
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Isokinetic: literally meaning “same speed”; in weight training an isokinetic machine is used to control the speed of muscle contraction.
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Isometric: literally means “same length”; in weight training the resistance is set so that the muscle will not shorten. Contracts the muscle statically without changing its length.
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Isotonic: meaning “equal tension or pressure”; in weight training the resistance is set so there is supposed to be equal tension in the muscle through a range of motion, but this is rarely achieved owing to movement of body part. Shortens and lengthens the muscle through a complete range of motion.
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