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Macrominerals: those minerals essential to human nutrition with an RDA in excess of 100 mg/day: calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, chloride
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Macronutrients: dietary nutrients needed by the body in daily amounts greater than a few grams, such as carbohydrate, fat, protein and water.
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Ma Huang: a Chinese plant extract theorized to be ergogenic; contains ephedrine, a stimulant.
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Maltodextrin: a glucose polymer that exerts lesser osmotic effects compared with glucose; used in a variety of sports drinks as the source of carbohydrate.
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Menarche: onset of menstrual function.
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Metabolic rate: the energy expended to maintain all physical and chemical changes occurring in the body.
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Metabolism: the sum total of all physical and chemical processes occurring in the body.
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Methionine: an essential amino acid.
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METS: a measurement unit of energy expenditure; one METS equals approximately 3.5 ml Oxygen/kg body weight/minute.
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Micronutrients: dietary nutrients needed by the body in daily amounts less than a few grams – such as vitamins and minerals.
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Mineral: an inorganic element occurring in nature.
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Monosaccharides: simple sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose) that cannot be broken down by hydrolysis.
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Monounsaturated fatty acids: fatty acids that have a single double bond.
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Morbid obesity: severe obesity in which the incidence of life-threatening diseases is increased significantly.
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Muscle contracture: permanent contraction of a muscle as a result of spasm or paralysis.
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Muscle glycogen: the form in which carbohydrate is stored in the muscle.
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Muscle hypertrophy: an increase in the size of the muscle.
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Muscular endurance: the ability to perform repetitive muscular contractions against some resistance.
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Muscular strength: the maximal force that can be applied by a muscle during a single maximal contraction.
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Myositis: inflammation of the muscle.
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